General MIDI Level 1 Sound Set |
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General MIDI's most recognized feature is the defined list of sounds
or "patches". However, General MIDI does not actually define the way the sound will be reproduced,
only the name of that sound.
Though this can obviously result in wide variations in performance from the same song data on
different GM sound sources, the authors of General MIDI felt it important to allow each manufacturer
to have their own ideas and express their personal aesthetics when it comes to picking the exact
timbres for each sound.
Each manufacturer must insure that their sounds provide an acceptable representation of song
data written for General MIDI. Guidelines for developing GM compatible sound sets and song data
are available through the MMA.
- The names of the instruments indicate what sort of sound will be heard when that
instrument number (MIDI Program Change or "PC#") is selected on the GM1 synthesizer.
- These sounds are the same for all MIDI Channels except Channel 10, which has only
percussion sounds and some sound "effects". (See "GM1 Percussion Key Map"
)
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General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Families
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| The General MIDI Level 1 instrument sounds are grouped by families. In each family are 8
specific instruments. |
| PC# |
Family Name |
PC# |
Family Name |
| 1-8 |
Piano |
65-72 |
Reed |
| 9-16 |
Chromatic Percussion |
73-80 |
Pipe |
| 17-24 |
Organ |
81-88 |
Synth Lead |
| 25-32 |
Guitar |
89-96 |
Synth Pad |
| 33-40 |
Bass |
97-104 |
Synth Effects |
| 41-48 |
Strings |
105-112 |
Ethnic |
| 49-56 |
Ensemble |
113-120 |
Percussive |
| 57-64 |
Brass |
121-128 |
Sound Effects |
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General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Patch Map |
| Note: While GM1 does not define the actual characteristics of any
sounds, the names in parentheses after each of the synth leads, pads, and sound effects
are, in particular, intended only as guides). |
| PC# | Instrument Name | PC# | Instrument
Name |
| 1. | Acoustic Grand Piano | 65. | Soprano Sax |
| 2. | Bright Acoustic Piano | 66. | Alto Sax |
| 3. | Electric Grand Piano | 67. | Tenor Sax |
| 4. | Honky-tonk Piano | 68. | Baritone Sax |
| 5. | Electric Piano 1 | 69. | Oboe |
| 6. | Electric Piano 2 | 70. | English Horn |
| 7. | Harpsichord | 71. | Bassoon |
| 8. | Clavi | 72. | Clarinet |
| 9. | Celesta | 73. | Piccolo |
| 10. | Glockenspiel | 74. | Flute |
| 11. | Music Box | 75. | Recorder |
| 12. | Vibraphone | 76. | Pan Flute |
| 13. | Marimba | 77. | Blown Bottle |
| 14. | Xylophone | 78. | Shakuhachi |
| 15. | Tubular Bells | 79. | Whistle |
| 16. | Dulcimer | 80. | Ocarina |
| 17. | Drawbar Organ | 81. | Lead 1 (square) |
| 18. | Percussive Organ | 82. | Lead 2 (sawtooth) |
| 19. | Rock Organ | 83. | Lead 3 (calliope) |
| 20. | Church Organ | 84. | Lead 4 (chiff) |
| 21. | Reed Organ | 85. | Lead 5 (charang) |
| 22. | Accordion | 86. | Lead 6 (voice) |
| 23. | Harmonica | 87. | Lead 7 (fifths) |
| 24. | Tango Accordion | 88. | Lead 8 (bass + lead) |
| 25. | Acoustic Guitar (nylon) | 89. | Pad 1 (new age) |
| 26. | Acoustic Guitar (steel) | 90. | Pad 2 (warm) |
| 27. | Electric Guitar (jazz) | 91. | Pad 3 (polysynth) |
| 28. | Electric Guitar (clean) | 92. | Pad 4 (choir) |
| 29. | Electric Guitar (muted) | 93. | Pad 5 (bowed) |
| 30. | Overdriven Guitar | 94. | Pad 6 (metallic) |
| 31. | Distortion Guitar | 95. | Pad 7 (halo) |
| 32. | Guitar harmonics | 96. | Pad 8 (sweep) |
| 33. | Acoustic Bass | 97. | FX 1 (rain) |
| 34. | Electric Bass (finger) | 98. | FX 2 (soundtrack) |
| 35. | Electric Bass (pick) | 99. | FX 3 (crystal) |
| 36. | Fretless Bass | 100. | FX 4 (atmosphere) |
| 37. | Slap Bass 1 | 101. | FX 5 (brightness) |
| 38. | Slap Bass 2 | 102. | FX 6 (goblins) |
| 39. | Synth Bass 1 | 103. | FX 7 (echoes) |
| 40. | Synth Bass 2 | 104. | FX 8 (sci-fi) |
| 41. | Violin | 105. | Sitar |
| 42. | Viola | 106. | Banjo |
| 43. | Cello | 107. | Shamisen |
| 44. | Contrabass | 108. | Koto |
| 45. | Tremolo Strings | 109. | Kalimba |
| 46. | Pizzicato Strings | 110. | Bag pipe |
| 47. | Orchestral Harp | 111. | Fiddle |
| 48. | Timpani | 112. | Shanai |
| 49. | String Ensemble 1 | 113. | Tinkle Bell |
| 50. | String Ensemble 2 | 114. | Agogo |
| 51. | SynthStrings 1 | 115. | Steel Drums |
| 52. | SynthStrings 2 | 116. | Woodblock |
| 53. | Choir Aahs | 117. | Taiko Drum |
| 54. | Voice Oohs | 118. | Melodic Tom |
| 55. | Synth Voice | 119. | Synth Drum |
| 56. | Orchestra Hit | 120. | Reverse Cymbal |
| 57. | Trumpet | 121. | Guitar Fret Noise |
| 58. | Trombone | 122. | Breath Noise |
| 59. | Tuba | 123. | Seashore |
| 60. | Muted Trumpet | 124. | Bird Tweet |
| 61. | French Horn | 125. | Telephone Ring |
| 62. | Brass Section | 126. | Helicopter |
| 63. | SynthBrass 1 | 127. | Applause |
| 64. | SynthBrass 2 | 128. | Gunshot |
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General MIDI Level 1 Percussion Key Map
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| On MIDI Channel 10, each MIDI Note number ("Key#") corresponds to a different drum sound, as shown below. GM-compatible instruments must have the sounds on the keys shown here. While many current instruments also have additional sounds above or below the range show here, and may even have additional "kits" with variations of these sounds, only these sounds are supported by General MIDI Level 1 devices. |
Key# |
Drum Sound |
Key# |
Drum Sound |
35 |
Acoustic Bass Drum |
59 |
Ride Cymbal 2 |
36 |
Bass Drum 1 |
60 |
Hi Bongo |
37 |
Side Stick |
61 |
Low Bongo |
38 |
Acoustic Snare |
62 |
Mute Hi Conga |
39 |
Hand Clap |
63 |
Open Hi Conga |
40 |
Electric Snare |
64 |
Low Conga |
41 |
Low Floor Tom |
65 |
High Timbale |
42 |
Closed Hi Hat |
66 |
Low Timbale |
43 |
High Floor Tom |
67 |
High Agogo |
44 |
Pedal Hi-Hat |
68 |
Low Agogo |
45 |
Low Tom |
69 |
Cabasa |
46 |
Open Hi-Hat |
70 |
Maracas |
47 |
Low-Mid Tom |
71 |
Short Whistle |
48 |
Hi-Mid Tom |
72 |
Long Whistle |
49 |
Crash Cymbal 1 |
73 |
Short Guiro |
50 |
High Tom |
74 |
Long Guiro |
51 |
Ride Cymbal 1 |
75 |
Claves |
52 |
Chinese Cymbal |
76 |
Hi Wood Block |
53 |
Ride Bell |
77 |
Low Wood Block |
54 |
Tambourine |
78 |
Mute Cuica |
55 |
Splash Cymbal |
79 |
Open Cuica |
56 |
Cowbell |
80 |
Mute Triangle |
57 |
Crash Cymbal 2 |
81 |
Open Triangle |
58 |
Vibraslap |
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